Salted Egg Industry In Indonesia

The modern sector of medium and large firms was the focus of government policy, but small-scale factories that employed from five to nineteen workers and cottage industries that employed up to four workers usually family members were far more numerous and supplied the majority of jobs. Small-scale establishments engaged in a wide range of activities, from traditional bamboo weaving to metal and leather working. Many of these industries offered part time employment to rural workers during off peak seasons. Statistics on these activities were tenuous because of the seasonal patterns and interviewing difficulties. A review of the available BPS data by economist Tulus Tambunan showed that small-scale industries employed 3.9 million workers in 1986, compared with 1.7 million employees of medium and large scale firms. Still, this figure reflected a significant decline from small industries' share of employment in 1974, which was about 86 percent of total industrial employment, or 4.2 million employees compared with only about 700,000 in medium and large industries.

SALTED EGG INDUSTRY

Egg salting is one way of keeping eggs last longer commonly practiced. Salted eggs are one of protein sources easily available and relatively cheap. Salted eggs as a food stuff being preserved have much higher resistance of being bad/damaged compared with fresh eggs. Eggs generally contain 13% of protein, 12% of fat, minerals, and vitamins. Besides lasting longer, salted eggs are popular/preferred because they are more delicious than ordinary fresh plain eggs.

The biggest consumers of salted egg products are middle to low class society as these eggs can be a cheap source of animal protein. Most of salted consumers are people living in big cities. In addition to being consumption in households, other potential consumers are restaurants, food stalls, ships, hospitals, dormitories, catering services, etc.

Development in salted egg industry can encourage development in duck breeding/farming, and thus it will improve income of duck breeders, who are mostly people of rural areas. Hence, salted egg industry can be one of promising businesses that can improve the welfare of middle to low class people and it can decrease dependence on expensive source of protein such as meat.

Main production areas of salted eggs are generally located in the same areas of producing centres of salted eggs. In 2004, the biggest producers of duck eggs were West Java Province with the production of 37,447 tons, South Sulawesi Province producing 22,153 tons, and South Borneo with the production of 20,105 tons. In West Java Province, centres of duck eggs are among others found in the regencies of Indramayu and Cirebon. In Kapetakan subdistrict, Cirebon Regency, which is the survey area of this study, there are 95 units of small and middle scale business of salted eggs. In Losari Subdistrict Cirebon Regency, there are 10 units of small and middle ones. In addition to those, there are also other producers of salted eggs having their business in Cirebon Regency and its surrounding areas.

The condition or the picture of salted egg industries presented in this lending model book covers the aspects of market and marketing, production, finance, economy, and environment. In order to disseminate research results to public in general, this book of financing pattern of salted eggs will be transformed into an integrated information system for small scale business development accessible through the website of the Central Bank.

Clothes

Indonesian Clothes

In general, the people wear clothes that are similar to western style. They wear traditional dress on special occasions.

 

MEN: Indonesian men generally wore sarongs (usually with a checkered pattern) in the home. In public, the sarong is worn only when attending Friday prayers at the mosque. For formal national occasions, the men wear batik shirts with trousers or teluk beskap, a combination of the Javanese jacket and sarong.

WOMEN: For formal occasions, Indonesian women wear the kebaya -- a beautiful, figure-hugging embroidered blouse worn with a batik sarong that is usually dyed with flower motifs and in bright colours. On these occasions, women often tied their hair into a bun, or attached a false hairpiece. In addition, they may drape a long stretch of cloth, called "selendang", over one shoulder. This cloth can be used as a head shawl or on less formal occasions, used to carry babies or objects.

Traditional Dress: Indonesia has 300 ethnic groups; each has their own traditional dress variations.

The Minangkabau ethnic group is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra. Their traditional dress consists of silk robes with metallic thread woven into the material. Their headdress is shaped like buffalo horns.

The Toraja people live in the mountainous areas of South Sulawesi (Celebes). The women's traditional costume features elaborate beadwork and tassels.

 

Japanese Clothes

Japanese clothing and traditional japanese clothes much like U.S. clothing is worn to compliment the seasons. The traditional forms of Japanese clothing in general is called wafuku. Japanese clothing and japanese clothes are worn also based off a persons age or by the event.

Japanese Clothing - Japanese Clothes and Seasons

In the spring, bright colors and spring floral patterned japanese clothing is worn. In autumn, japanese clothes with fall colors and fall patterns are worn. Japanese clothing designs may include chrysanthemums or maple leaves. In the winter, especially near the holidays, japanese clothing with patterns and designs such as the bamboo, pine trees or plum blossoms or worn for they signify good luck and prosperity. The fabric of the japanese clothing also plays a role in the seasons. In the summer, cotton clothes are worn whereas in the fall and winter, heavier or lined clothing is worn.

Japanese Clothing - Japanese Clothes and Events

Customarily, woven patterns, dyed clothing and repetitive patterns are considered informal japanese clothing. Examples of traditional informal japanese clothing are; cotton yukata, woven cotton haori and dyed ikat kimono. These types of japanese clothes would be used as daily wear, for bath houses or for informal friend and family visits.

Formal japanese clothing normally takes on either of two characteristics; very elaborate designs or a simple elegant designs. A few examples of elaborate designed japanese clothes worn for an event are uchikake wedding kimono and festive happi coats. The more elegant designs, subdued colors or solid pattern formal japanese clothes would be worn for paying formal visits, funerals or by married women for weddings or formal functions.

Japanese Clothing - Japanese Clothes and Age

For women in particular, traditional japanese clothing like the kimono is not only worn based on the persons age but also by their marital status. Young unmarried women wear kimono with long sleeves that are very vibrant, colorful and rich with patterns. Married women or older women would wear simpler more subdued clothes.

Traditional Japanese Clothing Types

The traditional forms of japanese clothing or japanese clothes in general is called wafuku. Traditional japanese clothing can be broken down into the following clothing categories.

Kimono - meaning clothing or things to wear is the basic japanese clothing

Yukata - the summer kimono

Nagajugan - undergarments

Clothing Accessories - obi, shoes, socks, etc.

Haori - short silk jackets

Michiyuki - Overcoats

Hakama - japanese pants

Uchikake - most formal kimono

Shiro-maku - wedding kimono