The modern sector of medium and large firms was the focus of government policy, but small-scale factories that employed from five to nineteen workers and cottage industries that employed up to four workers usually family members were far more numerous and supplied the majority of jobs. Small-scale establishments engaged in a wide range of activities, from traditional bamboo weaving to metal and leather working. Many of these industries offered part time employment to rural workers during off peak seasons. Statistics on these activities were tenuous because of the seasonal patterns and interviewing difficulties. A review of the available BPS data by economist Tulus Tambunan showed that small-scale industries employed 3.9 million workers in 1986, compared with 1.7 million employees of medium and large scale firms. Still, this figure reflected a significant decline from small industries' share of employment in 1974, which was about 86 percent of total industrial employment, or 4.2 million employees compared with only about 700,000 in medium and large industries.
SALTED EGG INDUSTRY
Egg salting is one way of keeping eggs last longer commonly practiced. Salted eggs are one of protein sources easily available and relatively cheap. Salted eggs as a food stuff being preserved have much higher resistance of being bad/damaged compared with fresh eggs. Eggs generally contain 13% of protein, 12% of fat, minerals, and vitamins. Besides lasting longer, salted eggs are popular/preferred because they are more delicious than ordinary fresh plain eggs.
The biggest consumers of salted egg products are middle to low class society as these eggs can be a cheap source of animal protein. Most of salted consumers are people living in big cities. In addition to being consumption in households, other potential consumers are restaurants, food stalls, ships, hospitals, dormitories, catering services, etc.
Development in salted egg industry can encourage development in duck breeding/farming, and thus it will improve income of duck breeders, who are mostly people of rural areas. Hence, salted egg industry can be one of promising businesses that can improve the welfare of middle to low class people and it can decrease dependence on expensive source of protein such as meat.
Main production areas of salted eggs are generally located in the same areas of producing centres of salted eggs. In 2004, the biggest producers of duck eggs were West Java Province with the production of 37,447 tons, South Sulawesi Province producing 22,153 tons, and South Borneo with the production of 20,105 tons. In West Java Province, centres of duck eggs are among others found in the regencies of Indramayu and Cirebon. In Kapetakan subdistrict, Cirebon Regency, which is the survey area of this study, there are 95 units of small and middle scale business of salted eggs. In Losari Subdistrict Cirebon Regency, there are 10 units of small and middle ones. In addition to those, there are also other producers of salted eggs having their business in Cirebon Regency and its surrounding areas.
The condition or the picture of salted egg industries presented in this lending model book covers the aspects of market and marketing, production, finance, economy, and environment. In order to disseminate research results to public in general, this book of financing pattern of salted eggs will be transformed into an integrated information system for small scale business development accessible through the website of the Central Bank.
